Stereotypes of African Americans in Television Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes of African Americans in Television Essay Stereotypes of African Americans have been around since slavery. Once media got involved it was able to give society a visual as to how other races portrayed them. With television, it’s becoming more and more vivid of how bad the stereotyping is getting. Now a day’s some writers of these shows and try to hide the racial remarks, while others are blunt with it and receive no type of punishment for their actions. You do have some sitcoms that will shine a positive light on the African American community, but these shows never last long. The gatekeepers do not want to put a positive image in your head they want you feel a certain way so therefore they come up with shows like Family Guy and South Park that say racial remarks, but it’s in a subliminal message. The first television was invented in 1927, but it took 33 years before an African American actress and actor would be seen on it. The first sitcom was debut in 1950, and it was Beulah. It was based on a white family whose housekeeper was black and overweight. The show was cancelled because the NAACP didn’t like the negative message it was sending to America. The first sitcom to be influential for African Americans was the Nat King Cole Show in 1956. This paved the way for show like The Bill Cosby Show, A Different World, The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, and In Living Color, which are still successful today. Donald Bogle’s Primetime Blues, explains the role that African Americans have portrayed all these year in television. Each chapter is broken up into decades and tells the role they have played and how television has mirrored the society’s attitude towards African Americans and other blacks. He describes how regardless of the role an African American plays whether they are a lawyer, doctor, cop, drug dealer, or working on wall street you are still an unknown real person. This has a physical affect on the African American growing up and they don’t realize it. With the help from internet sources and books such as Family Life in Black America, Black Families and The Medium of Television, Racism, Sexism, and the Media, Prime Time Blues I will prove that television has and it still is portraying African Americans in a negative light.

The Story of Tom Brennan Essay Example for Free

The Story of Tom Brennan Essay Biggie’s song Juicy was a song where the lyrics depict his journey to fame, he talks about his hardship leading up to celebrity status. These consequences are distinguished through the use of techniques composers have used. The story of Tom Brennan covers the life of Tom who has a brother who in a horrific car accident took the life of two and leaving his cousin in a wheelchair, from here on we see Tom develop and move into the world, but as a result of this there are consequences. In tom’s case the consequences are positive. Tom as part of his journey as he transitions into the world he gains a girlfriend, chrissie. His girlfriend is symbolic of Tom growing up and maturing, before the accident he never would have thought he’d â€Å"get a girl before his brother†, in this case Tom has grown since the accident, grown up and got himself a girlfriend with the use of symbolism we are able to identiy this is part of growing up as he is maturing as part of his transition into the world. Biggie’s song Juicy explores his time from young to where he was up until the time he wrote the song. The first verse explores his time as a kid and his dreams. â€Å"I used to read word up magazine salt’n’pepa and heavy D up in the limousine hanging picture on my wall every Saturday rap attack mr. Magic marley marl†. As a kid he looked up to all these rappers and his dream at young . His dream is symbolic of the start of his transition into the new world. As we hear out the song lyrics come up â€Å"Sold out seats to hear biggie smalls speak† this is the point where he is at, at the time he wrote the song. The lyrics are symbolic of his success. It began with a dream now reality is he is standing in front of sell out crowds. He grows upon the fame. His consequences for moving into the world are expressed throughout the song to all be ‘succesors to the overall achievement J. C Burke uses colloquial language as well as First Person Narration which allows us to better understand the characters. â€Å"that’s the thing I couldn’t quite get my head around – there would be a tomorrow and a day after that and a day after that, the world went on regardless how I feel. At this point we are able to understand his depressive feelings, through the use of colloquial language and first person narrative we are able to get a better understanding of exactly how the character is feeling. As a result of moving into the world for Tom he has to overcome the tragedy, with tragedy comes sadness, this is what Tom is feeling here. Allusion is used within Juicy to help distinguish between the start of the transition into the world and being able to establish the difference between the end. we used to fuss when the landlord dissed us, no heat, no wonder why Christmas missed us, birthdays were the worst days, now we sip champagne when were thirsty†. The allusion from the beginning being the unable to pay rent, not affording heat nor affording birthday or Christmas and reaching the point that champagne is in a lasting supply, Biggie is able to express the change from the beginning of the transition to the end. As part of growing up we understand the pain of missing parts of the year we all enjoy and having to live in the style he had to, this was all a consequence to growing into the world. Tone and repetition of first person pronoun ensure us that in the story of Tom Brennan Daniel is willing to change and transition into a new world himself. â€Å"I’m going to get there I promise. I’m going to make walk out of here one day, and i’ll make it up to you all i swear†. His tone can be expressed as serious and the repetition of I informs us he is taking responsibility. Using the two also allow us to understand Daniel as a character better. From this we can tell, hes determined to make a change, he is strong, and he is willing and accepting. As a consequence of Daniel Moving into the world he has to accept that he has done something wrong which he is accepting here, its part of his consequence to feel the guilt from his actions, but he will manage to get through it if he stands by his word. Biggie smalls uses a prologue as a technique to set the tone of the song. The prologue says â€Å"This album is dedicated to all the teacher that told me i’d never amount to nothin’† he finishes the prologue with â€Å"it’s all good baby baby† here he states his issue then he goes on to forgive what has happened showing he has matured from when he was younger showing that he has begin his transition. His consequence is forgiving the people who put him down, establishing ground amongst the people who told him he was nothing. Despite the differences between the two texts they are still able to compare in a number of ways. Both come from a dark star whereas Tom has to deal with his brother in jail, biggie also had to deal with his good friend in jail, they both mature and we see them both reach success.

Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design

Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design P7: Identify the key factors affecting the design of products or service of given organization and possible benefit to be gained from good design Factors Affecting Organizational Service Design Following are the factor mostly affecting the way an organization operates their services those are the following: Organization size The smaller the organization the lesser chance of a formal structure of that organization will be. Instead of following in small organization the individuals may simply perform tasks the way they want and whatever is required to them. There may be rules set by the firm just to provide guideline with the help of which members of organization can make decisions. As an organization develops, however, it becomes more difficult to manage the tasks without more formal structure of assigning tasks, or with delegating some of authorities to the lower hierarchy, and hence large firms produce specialized tasks and every work is done through proper guidelines and procedures. Organization life cycle Organizations tend to proceed and get progress through different stages which are called as a life cycle. Most firms go through the following stages: Birth: In this stage, a firm is just beginning their business operations. At this stage the firms hardly have a formal structure. We can not find much delegation of authority in the beginning stage of the firm. Youth: This is the phase in which firms try to grow the business. The focus of the firm in this stage is on becoming larger firm. The owner of the firm diverts its attention from satisfying his own wishes to satisfying wishes of the customers. During this phase there is a need for the firm to design more formal structure for operating their operations and some delegation of authority come into effect. Midlife: This is where the organization has achieved a fair level of success. A larger organization in this stage, have a more formal structure. The levels start increasing in their chain of command and the organization may find it to difficult to manage everything with control. Maturity: In this phase the organization reaches to maturity stage where their lack innovations and they are not usually interested in expanding their business. Their emphasis in this stage is more on increasing their profit and sustainability. Organizations in this phase are slowly moving toward decline and may feel the need to make necessary changes to revitalize. As firms tend to get bigger, the organizations experience more structural changes Strategy Strategy refers to a situation in which the way firm settle itself in the market place keeping in view their services or products. An organization may decide to be always the first to introduce the newest and best products in the market (differentiation of products strategy), or it will produce already established products in the market more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Any of these strategies requires a structure that must fit the strategy. Environment The environment is the place in which the firm is operating, and the factors such economic conditions, social and cultural situation, law and order situation, technological position and natural environment condition influences the design of organizations Organization understand the demands of their customers very well in a more stable environment, and then firms try to satisfy those demands accordingly. That is the reason organization remains in the market for a long period of time. The customers demands keep changing in the opposite of stable environment and hence firms experience difficulty in satisfying them. In conclusion mechanistic organizational structure can be more beneficial for those operating in a more stable environment and hence this system increases the efficiency level of the organization which ultimately will improve their performance in the longer run. Technology Advancement in technology is the cause of change in the design of organizations because it helps organization in achieving higher efficiency level and help them in reducing their long term cost of production. The following are the form of latest technological production techniques: Batch Production Batch production is the process in which instead of manufacturing items individually, things are produced in batches. The manufacturing process takes place for each item at the same and batch of products or items are not shifted to another stage individually instead all batches are moved to the other stage of production when the each batch of items is completed. Mass Production Mass production is the process of manufacturing large amount of products in less time by utilizing time saving assembly. It helps a manufacturer to increase their worker per hour production and it also reduces the manufacturer labor costs of the final product. And then firms will be able to sell their products at lesser cost to attract more customers. Continuous Process Production In this system the manufacturers produce products by feeding the required raw materials continuously in a latest technological system. Such systems are operated by less labors, examples can be automated oil refineries and chemical factories. Advantages of a Good service or product designs: Firms can attract more customers by making more attracting products with good design and good services. Firms can better communicate with their customers through their good product or services designs. A good design makes a firms services or products more users friendly. It reduces the production costs of an organization and it enables them to gain better profit margin. As it reduces the costs of production therefore it helps an organization to gain competitive advantage over their rivals because they will be able to sell their services and products at lower price. Its objects are that Tasks should achieve all required outputs and be carried out at minimum cost in order to gain competitive advantage. P8: Explain the operational layout of the business/ department under consideration. Discuss the salient features of the layout? Operations Layout: The basic layout of an operation is usually determined by the choice of process organization. An efficient layout is one which minimizes total distance traveled by materials, customers or even staff. The frequency of journey should also be considered Features of the Layout: It enables higher utilization of space, materials and employees. It improves the flow of materials, information, and employees. It increase employees motivation levels and provide harmless working conditions. It improves customers interaction with the organization. It brings flexibility in the operations of the organization. Operations Layout of Pizza Hut: The layout of Pizza Hut is not that good in our point of view because an efficient layout must minimize total distance covered by the materials and customers. The ware house of Pizza Hut from where they get the raw materials of Pizzas is in Lahore which is far away from Peshawar and it takes time to reach Peshawar branch. The flow of information with their customers is very slow in a sense that when a customer call Pizza Hut toll free number for ordering Pizza, an operator sitting in Karachi takes their order who than later inform the Peshawar branch to deliver the pizza to a specific location. Usually it takes 50 mints to deliver Pizzas which is bad. The parking space outside the building is limited often than not customers face difficulties in finding space for their cars. The pollution coming out of their kitchen to the environment is limited but the pollution coming of their generators are not. Peshawar is still facing load shedding (Lack of electricity) as a result they get electricity for the dining hall and most importantly for running their machinery from huge generators which cause both noise and pollution. The Pizza Hut Peshawar branch is located far away from the most important place (Hayatabad) where most their potential customers are living and delivering Pizza to them also takes much time. M3: How does the operations layout of the firm influence performance of given organization. Mention its positive and negative influence? Operations Layout is all to do with the performance of any organization in this case Pizza Hut. A good layout will reduce their average total cost and can improve their well being among customers and vice versa. Every organization needs to set up their operations in such a way which can bring efficiency in their activities and help them in increasing their revenue and profits. Positive influences on Pizza Hut: If Pizza Hut reconsiders their Operations Layout and bring the required changes in it, it can have the following positive influences on their performance: A good operations layout will reduce the time usually taken by their raw material to reach Peshawar branch in this way they will be able for satisfy customers demands on time and they will not face material shortage due strikes, road blockage in other cities and hence their customers will be satisfied. If they improve their information system they will be able to receive customers order directly and they will be able to deliver Pizzas to their customers quickly than before this can bring efficiency in their activities and can improve their well being among customers. If they improve their parking space more customers will be able to park their cars at one time and hence more customers will visit Pizza Hut which ultimately will help them to get more revenue and profits. If they are some how able to control the pollution and noise than it will be considered as more environment friendly organization and it will help them in improving their well being and it will also help than to attract more customers and hence more revenue. All these points discussed above is the layout of Pizza Hut and if they able to improve their layout as discussed above it will have positive influences on their performance. Negative influences on Pizza Hut: If they continue their current Operations layout than it can have the following negative influences on their performance: The raw materials will take longer than required to reach Peshawar branch and it add more to their costs because the transport cost is expensive due to the recent raise in petrol and diesel prices. It can have negative influence on the delivery of Pizza to their customers because there is no direct operator line from Peshawar to the customers therefore it takes longer than required in delivering pizzas as a result customers can switch to nearby Pizza outlets to them like Arabian Chicks, Chief burger. Limited car parking space is the biggest constraint in attracting more customers therefore customers can have Pizzas from Chief Burger which has large parking area, ultimately it affects their performances. Lack of interaction between their customers and their staff can have adversely affects on the performance of Pizza Hut because staff will be demotivated and customers will feel they are not important to Pizza Hut. A bad layout will add more to the costs of production and affects the performance of Pizza Hut as a whole. D3: Propose operation layout for the given organization and discuss how it will be better for the organization. Before suggesting an efficient operation lay out , we would like to suggest certain points required to make an efficient Lay out only then Pizza Hut Peshawar will able to implement our suggested Lay out. Requirements for making a Good Layout: They need to understand the need of capacity and space requirements They need to select appropriate equipments for handling materials. They need to take proper decisions regarding environment and its improvement. They need to identify and understand the requirements for effective flow of informations. They need to identify the cost of moving between the many different work areas. Suggested Lay Out For Pizza Hut: Pizza Hutt Peshawar needs to get a ware house on rent in Peshawar and especially in a place near to the Peshawar branch. In this way they will be able to get raw materials in less time and they can store the remaining material back in the ware house. And they will be able to save much transport cost than before and they can use that money in improving their environment. They need to introduce an operator system in Peshawar as well who can receive the orders from the people of Peshawar and who have sufficient knowledge of the locations of Peshawar. In this way Pizza Hutt can receive orders quickly and then they will be able to deliver Pizzas in less time, it also improve their efficiency. They need to increase their parking space by contracting with army stadium officials regarding allowing their customers to park their cars there in this way more customers will come and their cars will be more safer. They need to control the pollution and noise coming out of their generator by making a separate covered place for their generator. They need to open new outlet in either university road where there biggest competitor chief burger is situated or in Hayat abad where there potential customers are living. This will help them in competing with their rivals and will also help them target their customers by either delivering them Pizzas in less time or by being easily accessible for those people. They need to improve their front desk for communication with their customers and handling their kitchen operations and for easy communication with their supporting staff (waiters, manager) to provide better services and environment for their customers. P9: Discuss the concept of job design, empowerment, and work measurement? Job Design: Work arrangement intended to reduce or overcome job unhappiness and lack of interest of employee resulting from boring and repetitive tasks. In job design, firms try to maximize productivity levels by providing non financial awards to their labor force such as increasing the challenge and responsibility of some employees work. Other techniques used in Job design are Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation which can be defined as: Job Enlargement: Job design technique in which the number of tasks attached with a job is increased (and provided an appropriate training) to add greater diversity to activities, thus reducing repetitiveness. Job Enrichment: In this organizations increase the number of tasks executed by their employees as well as they increase their responsibilities in order to make their work more challenging and interesting. Job Rotation: Job Rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a designed way. The objective is to make the employees to face different experiences to increase job satisfaction. Empowerment: Empowerment is a concept which Involves delegating some authority to the process operators. In empowerment every individual team member must throw in to the business. In empowerment the lower most layers of management become unnecessary. Empowerment give chance of greater responsiveness lower employees do not have to acquire management consent for making some decision themselves.. It helps in Continuous improvement of the organization as employees will feel motivated and they will work all together for the success of the business. It helps organization to reduce the number of employee absenteeism. It gives greater motivation and flexibility to the employees. Work Measurement: Work Measurement is a method which shows how much time a job or part of the job needs to take to complete their tasks. There are different techniques use to measure individual works. Method Study: Method study is based on the principle that improvement should always stem from existing practice. The proposed working methods are usually feasible. To ensure feasibility a five stage methodology is used: Select: The area of activity to be studied is selected. Record: The activity is recorded in detail to keep a sample of task performance. Examine: the record is carefully analyzed, usually through some form of chart. The objective is to seek out areas of improvement. Improved procedures are developed out of analysis. These are then tested. Install: Revised procedures are installed. Manuals are written, staff is trained, new plant is obtained and installed and workplace layout is revised. Maintain: Problems can arise from changes. A presence is required to ensure that problems are dealt with promptly. P-10: Analyze the market of organization and select a capacity planning for the organization (nature of demand supply, volume variety, planning controlling) Outcome 4 Demand Supply The manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month). The unexpected orders can cause more demand of the product where as the availability of the ready to use product may be limited according to the expected demand for the shift. Therefore the variance in expected demand and actual demand can cause the shortage of the products and ultimately this can play around the one of the possible factors of the unhappy customer and can cause the variance in the productivity of the unit as over all. The demand can also increase because of the good weather, special occasions like sports, rituals, festivals, and purchasing power. According to the Manager of the unit, the demand for the food is high in the start of the month but that usually slow down in the end of the month due to the less availability of the funds with customers. Planning Controlling The operations at Pizza hut can not be highlighted for any of the single functional unit. Rather it is the collection of several set of the activities that take place with in the unit and make things possible by turning customer expectations into the reality. The success or the failure of the product depends on the performance of several functional units. Those functional units operate separately but connected with each other through the job activities. The preparations is the process of getting things ready, that will help to carry the out the operations in store. This involves activities like defrosting of dough, starters and cheese. So that can be used for the next day operations. If preparations for the following day operations is not up to the mark then that will cause difficulty or shortages of items that are necessary for the conversion process. The preparation is done on the basis of the next business day forecast. If the forecasted goods will not be made ready for the next day operations that will be virtually difficult for the next day shift manager to carry out the business operations. P-11: Identify different approaches of quality control used by company. Quality Control is a method of regular technical activities to measure as well as control the quality of the inventory as it is being developed so the Quality Control method is designed toward: Provide regular moreover consistent checks to guarantee data integrity, correctness along with fullness Identify and concentrate on errors as well as omissions Document and files inventory material and record all Quality Control activities. In order to maintain the product quality up to the standard, that is very important to follow the set rules for the product shelf life. Different ingredients used in the pizza making process, carry different shelf life. The taste and the quality highly determine on the freshness of the ingredients, and the resultant the happiness of the customers. According to the Manager of Pizza hut, If, there is variance observed in the product quality that will overall affect productivity and finally the customer satisfaction level so this is not acceptable at all. He added, if company is spending a huge amount of money on the product promotions and marketing activities that is for the business. And also company provides the training to the employee to how to maintain the product quality. So every single person should have to ensure the quality of the product and happy customer makes more return in the future. Total Quality Management (TQM) This is the key factor for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees are at the back of the house i.e. the kitchen assistants are trained for that reason. They are given extra lessons to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is essential in order to satisfy the CHAMPS (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product, and Speed). This strategy is severely implemented in Pizza Hut in order to execute the quality standards. Different quality management team is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the charge to monitor whether the quality standards are met or not while there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the duty to implement quality standards and also to know whether they are achieved or not. Moreover there are personnel by name of CR Specialist (fully trained employee for quality control), they are visiting Pizza Hut Peshawar once in a month, they just come inside the outlet just like a customer, and first of all he/she observes everything like from entering into Pizza Hut until the end when he ends up with Pizza. If he/she finds any drawback in any of activity then he/she will complain to the Head Office. P-12: Discuss various method of inventory planning. (Generally) Inventory Inventory in general refers to the materials in reserve. It is also called the idle resource of a firm. Inventories characterize those items which are either stocked for sale or else they are in the process of manufacturing otherwise they are in the form of materials which are nevertheless to be utilized. The intermission between receiving the purchased parts furthermore transforming them into final products vary from industry to industry depending upon the cycle time of manufacturer. Therefore it is necessary to hold inventories of different kinds to act as a buffer between supply and demand for competent operation of the organization. Hence a valuable control on inventory is a necessity for smooth and efficient operation of the production cycle with slightest interruptions. Inventory Control Inventory control is a designed approach of determining what to order, when to order, how much to order and also how much to stock consequently that costs associated with buying and storing are finest without interrupting production and sales well inventory control basically deals with two problems: When an order should is placed? (Order level) How much should be ordered? (Order quantity) These questions are answered by the employ of inventory models. The systematic inventory control method strikes the sense of balance between the loss due to non-availability of an item plus cost of carrying the stock of an item. Systematic inventory control aims at maintaining best possible level of stock of goods required by the business at minimum cost to the business. Objectives of Inventory Control To make sure adequate supply of products to customer moreover avoids shortages as far as achievable. To ensure that the financial investment in inventories is smallest amount (i.e. to see that the working capital is fruitless to the minimum possible degree). Well-organized purchasing, storing, utilization and accounting for materials are an important goal. To keep timely record of inventories of all the items plus to maintain the stock within the preferred limits. To make sure timely action for refill. To make available a reserve stock for variations in direct times of delivery of materials. To present a scientific base for both short-term as well as long-term planning of materials. Inventory Control Methods ABC analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on annual consumption moreover the annual value of the items. Thus we get the quantity of inventory item consumed throughout the year and multiply it by unit cost to get annual usage charge. The items are then set in the descending order of such annual usage cost. The study is carried out by drawing a graph based on the cumulative number of items and cumulative usage of consumption cost HML analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on unit price of the items. They are classified as high and medium price respectively and low cost items. VED analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on criticality of the items. They are classified as vital, essential and desirable items as a result it is mainly used in spare parts inventory. FSN analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based consumption of the items. They are classified as fast moving, slow moving and non-moving items. SDE analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on the items. GOLF analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on sources of the items. They are classified as Government supply, normally available, local accessibility and foreign source of supply items. SOS analysis: In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on nature of supply of items. They are classified like seasonal and off-seasonal items. For effective inventory control, combination of the techniques of ABC with VED or ABC with HML or VED with HML analysis is practically used. M-4: Explain the inventory planning of given organization (stock control method inventory control, cost benefit inventory control, supply chain management). Stock Control Method Inventory Control The manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month) well they are using two different freezers for carrying out their raw material. According to the Manager, he stated that they are using two types of freezers one is cold freezer and another one is dry freezer and temperature for both of them set accordingly. Cost Benefit Inventory Control The cost of sales and the sales revenue are the actual things that support the managers to run the business on track. If the numbers seems going out of the track they need be highlighted and called as variance. The variance is the difference between the Actual cost and Theoretical Cost. Head office set forecast and provide targets to the business stores. The targets are set with the help of previous year business performance and the expected events. That is called as theoretical cost. On the other hand the cost occurred in the business dates is the actual cost. So if there is any difference occurs that will be treating as variance. The cost of sales of the store for the current period shows the variance of 36.38 The theoretical cost set by management was RS/-297407.7 and in percentage 22.46% where as the actual cost for the period occurred was RS/302346 in percentage 22.83%. The results indicate the variance remained RS/4911.3. The variance in costing is the actual indicator of the performance. Higher the variance depicts higher the concerns persist with in the business unit. In present case in hand, the above depicted variance treated to be normal. The business operations can not work on the absolute set tracks because the forecasted things can not happen on the absolute behaviors as predicted. Supply Chain drivers of Pizza Hut Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and the losers in this business, drivers play an important role in terms of the responsiveness and efficiency. We must examine the cross-functional and logistical drivers of supply chain performance: transportation, sourcing and pizza and logistics. Transportation To deliver the base from the commissioners to different outlets the use the refrigerated trucks in which the base is kept and there is a control of temperature which they set according to the distance between the commissionaire and the outlets. There are 70 trucks to supply the base across Pakistan. There is also a vacant space in which extra base is kept to fill the demand of a particular store. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are along the highway or the trucks way. In this way they use their transportation and maintain their efficiency. Sourcing The Pepporine mozzarella cheese is imported from Australia and Spain respectively so it will take time an increased the cost also so they have to manage but on the other hand to compensate the increased cost they maintain the local supply chain to reduce the cost like vegetables, wheat, tomatoes are imported from Pakistan so they provide the world class facility and taste may importing its main ingredient from spain and Australia but other ingredients from local vendors. Pizza and logistics It is incorrect to conclude that successively a pizza chain is easy by looking its front-end operations compared to the complexities involved in organizing a supply chain the promise of pizza delivery within 30 minutes or else offering it free is a childs play for pizza chains. Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and losers in this business. The major imports for Pizza are cheese and olive oil. Pizza imported potatoes land at ports in Karachi or the Karachi airport. The consignment is then transported to other parts of the country while cheese is imported from New Zealand and chicken or bread is sourced locally. The inputs sourced from different places are supplied to the commissaries in reefers/refrigerated trucks for process as well as production of base material. The pizza dough as well as other items prepared in commissaries is then sent to the retail outlets again in reefers. Based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries, the temperature inside the trucks is fixed so as to set the dough to a required level when it reaches the outlets. According to manager retail outlets have to exhaust the processed dough within three days of delivery. However, due to some reason if they fail to do so, the entire quantity is discarded. The existing commissaries and the reefers will be put to optimum use as Dominos Karachi is now opening counters in Pakistan State Oil Corporations petrol bunks. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are the highway or the trucks way. Responsiveness and Effic

Robert Frost?s ?The Road Not Taken Essay example -- essays research pa

Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† can be understood in various ways. The mood, attitude, and mindset of the reader predispose their thoughts towards the poem’s true meaning. The title of the Frost’s poem suggests that it is about decisions and obstacles in life and how people should handle them. Frost is voicing his opinion, saying that whatever path or decision making we make or do, one day, will be the key factor in your future tomorrow and thereafter. Almost every human being experiences life’s bumpy road journey and Frost indicates in his poem that there are never just one single path to take; instead it is like a complex maze. A traveler comes upon "two roads diversified in a yellow wood" (Frost 719 ). Frost indicates that it is a cross road in his life and he must chose one way or another. The option of choosing both roads is not there because it is not possible, so the traveler must decide how he wants to live the remainder of his life and choose that path. The traveler, still deciding on what path to take, states regretfully "...Sorry I could not travel both paths" (Frost 719). This is a prime example of everyday life. It is nearly impossible to look into the future and see the end result of which path to take, and therefore makes it even more difficult of which life path to strive towards. By not seeing the future result in picking one road over another, the traveler wonders what he will be missing out. Frost is e...

Poker Competition Essay -- Gambling Card Games Essays

Poker Competition If the appeal in competition is not just profit, but knowing that the profit came from another’s loss, then it is no surprise that certain â€Å"zero-sum games† dominate our world and culture. Poker is a perfect example of this American fascination with capitalism and despotic schadenfreude. This is because poker, just like any other zero-sum game, requires success and failure to be mutually inclusive. While poker is not quite in the realm of pure gambling and is not quite in the realm of pure skill, it successfully stands irresolute in the middle of it all with its ambiguous classification appealing to nearly every subset of our society. The diversity in its players is reflected in the innumerable Internet resources on the subject: sites that appeal to the gambler—downloadable interfaces to transform card room leisure into a domestic dalliance; sites that cater to mathematicians, economists and computer scientists in pursuit of new insights into AI programmi ng and game theory; as well as sites for the serious card player (whom should never be referred to as a gambler as this connotes a certain unacceptable level of skill!) covering the gambit of topics from poker psychology to personalized poker chips. Each poker-related website reflects this diversity of audience with respective varieties in style and information, but three specific sites aptly and obviously categorize players into the academic, the leisurely, and the professional. Respectively, they are: University of Alberta’s Poker Research Group, Yahoo! Games – Poker, and Two Plus Two Publishing. The University of Alberta has set out on the moderately ambitious task of designing a poker-playing computer that can beat the world’s best human player. T... ... card player and it is perfectly designed for that aim. It is not surprising that poker appeals to such a wide range of individuals or that poker sites have been created around their differences. This can be seen in all modes of competitive sport and poker is no exception. There is a contextual similarity in these sites that reflects a commonality in all poker players: win at all costs. The AI website clearly states that it exists with the intent of beating the world’s best player, visitors to Two Plus Two perpetually debate why his or her particular strategy is the most valuable, and even the novice player, when learning the rules of the game, is taught foremost to be a good bluffer (liar). These websites each uniquely capture the modus operandi of the poker player, the Machiavellian spirit of Vidal’s introductory quote, that simply winning is never enough.

An Image of Africa Essay -- Literary Analysis, Joseph Conrad

An Image of Africa Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad has been depicted as â€Å"among the half-dozen greatest short novels in the English language.† [pg.1] Chinua Achebe believes otherwise. In Chinua Achebe’s An Image of Africa: Racism is Conrad’s Heart of Darkness he simply states that, â€Å"Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist† [pg.5] Achebe argues that the racist observed in the Heart of Darkness is expressed due to the western psychology or as Achebe states â€Å"desire,† this being to show Africa as an antithesis to Europe. He first states Conrad as â€Å"one of the great stylists of modern fiction.† [pg.1] He praises Conrad’s talents in writing but believes Conrad’s obvious racism has not been addressed. He later describes in more detail that Conrad’s â€Å"methods amount to no more than a steady, ponderous, fake-ritualistic repetition of two antithetical sentences.† Allow me to elaborate by stating some of Achebe’s arguments and my critiques. Achebe first points on Conrad’s â€Å"adjectival insistence upon inexpressible and incomprehensible mystery.† He states that many of Conrad’s critics simply see this as a stylistic flaw. Achebe believes that Conrad’s choose â€Å"the role of purveyor of comforting myths,† this being, according to Achebe, to guarantee him not to be in conflict with the â€Å"psychological predisposition of the reader.† [pg.2] He first moves to analyzing Conrad’s distinction of the two rivers in the novel, but later moved to a more important topic, the â€Å"racism† towards blacks in the novel. He argues that their lack of speech is viewed as â€Å"dehumanized.† Achebe believes that Conrad views dialect as being a downgrade. This relation to Conrad’s â€Å"withholding of language from his rudimentary souls.† [pg.7] His first claim is of the dis... ...ation of Central Africa.† [pg.6] Achebe states that Conrad’s image of Africa is not of his own, but of the Western imagination and that Conrad is simply showing the norm. Achebe’s main point is as much of Joseph Conrad’s racism but more of Western society’s need for change. We need to look beyond the stereotypical image that which the West holds â€Å"to its heart.†[pg.8] We must look in today’s society, today’s media and books read in schools. We must realize that â€Å"offering bribes to the West in return for its good opinion of Africa† [pg.9] is preposterous. He sees now as the time for change. He doesn’t but blame of Conrad but on western society. â€Å"The victims of racist slander who for centuries have had to live with the inhumanity it makes them heir to have always known better than any casual visitor even when he comes loaded with the gifts of a Conrad.†[pg.9]

India’s elderly face growing neglect Essay

Introduction Adobe Flash CS3 (Creative Suite 3) A commercial application used to produce interactive, animated movies Can be used to create web-based banner advertisements, interactive websites, games and web-based applications with stunning graphics and multimedia effects. Flash movies can be embedded in web pages, placed on CDs or DVDs as independent applications or converted into standalone, executable programs. Flash includes tools for coding in its scripting language, ActionScript 3.0. ActionScript, which is similar to JavaScript, enables interactive applications. To play Flash movies, the Flash Player plug-in must be installed in your web browser. This plug-in has several versions, the most recent of which is version 9. What is flash? Flash is the leading tool/technique for creating multimedia, applications, presentations, games on Internet – a platform for developing prototypes, desktop applications and mobile systems Examples of general usage for a designer: Presentations / online portfolio Video applications for design-projects Concept design (with basic interactivity/navigation) Interaction interfaces Prototype development (usability tests) Working in project-teams (communicate with/understand programmers) Physical/tangible computing: Sensors/Phidgets, webcam, Wii-remote etc Flash Movie Development Stage The white area in which you place graphic elements during movie development and only objects in this area will appear in the final movie Timeline Represents the time period over which a movie runs Frame Depicts a moment in the movie’s timeline, into which you can insert movie elements Playhead indicates the current frame Tools bar Divided into multiple sections, each containing tools and functions that help you create Flash movies Panels Organize frequently used movie options and Panel options modify the size, shape, color, alignment and effects associated with a movie’s graphic elements Context-sensitive Properties panel Displays information about the currently selected object and Useful tool for viewing and altering an object’s properties You can access different panels by selecting them from the Window menu Fig. 1 | Flash CS3 development environment. Fig. 2 | CS3 Tools bar. Learning Flash with Hands-On Examples The .fla file extension is a Flash-specific extension for editable movies Fig. 3 | New Document dialog 1. Creating a Shape with the Oval Tool Flash creates shapes using vectors a).mathematical equations that define the shape’s size, shape and color b).When vector graphics are saved, they are stored using equations Vector graphics can be resized without losing clarity Create shapes by clicking and dragging with the shape tools Every shape has a stroke color and a fill color a. The stroke color is the color of a shape’s outline b. The fill color is the color that fills the shape Clicking the black and white button resets the stroke color to black and the fill color to white Selecting the swap colors option switches the stroke and fill colors The Shift key constrains a shape’s proportions to have equal width and height A dot in a frame signifies a keyframe – A point of change in a timeline A shape’s size can be modified with the Properties panel when the shape is selected Fig. 7 | Keyframe added to the timeline Fig. 8 | Making multiple selections with the Selection tool. Fig. .9 | Modifying the size of a shape with the Properties window. 2. Adding Text to a Button Button titles communicate a button’s function to the user a. Create a title with the text tool Once text is selected, you can change the font, text size and font color with the Properties window To change the font color, click the text color swatch and select a color from the palette Fig. 11 | Setting the font face, size, weight and color with the Properties window Fig.12 | Adding text to the button. 3 Converting a Shape into a Symbol Scene contains graphics and symbols Parent movie may contain several symbols are Reusable movie elements, such as graphics, buttons and movie clips.Scene timeline can contain numerous symbols with their own timelines and properties. Scene may have several  instances of any given symbol Symbols Can be edited independently of the scene by using the symbol’s editing stageEditing stage is separate from the scene stage and contains only one symbol. Fig. 13 | Selecting an object with the selection tool. Selecting Convert to Symbol†¦ from the Modify menu or using the shortcut F8 on the keyboard opens the Convert to Symbol dialog, in which you can set the properties of a new symbol Fig. 14 | Creating a new symbol with the Convert to Symbol dialog. Every symbol in a Flash movie must have a unique name Three different types of symbols Movie clips Buttons Graphics Movie clip symbol Ideal for recurring animations Graphic symbol Ideal for static images and basic animations Button symbol Objects that perform button actions, such as rollovers and hyperlinking A rollover is an action that changes the appearance of a button when the mouse passes over it Library panel Stores every symbol in a movie Accessed through the Window menu or by the shortcuts L or F11 Multiple instances of a symbol can be placed in a movie by dragging and dropping the symbol from the Library panel onto the stage Fig. 15 | Library panel Fig. 16 | Movie Explorer for CeoAssistant.fla. 4 Editing Button Symbols Components of a button symbol, such as its fill and type, may be edited in the symbol’s editing stage. Access a symbol’s editing stage by double clicking the symbol in the Library or by pressing the Edit Symbols button and selecting the symbol name. The pieces that make up a button can all be changed in the editing stage. A button symbol’s timeline contains four frames. One for each of the button states (up, over and down) and one for the hit area Fig. 17 | Modifying button states with a button’s editing stage. Up state (indicated by the Up frame) Default state before the user presses the button or rolls over it with the mouse Over state (indicated by the Over frame) Plays when the mouse moves over the button Down state (indicated by the Down frame) Plays when a user presses a button Can create interactive, user-responsive buttons by customizing the appearance of a button in each state Graphic elements in the hit state (indicated by the Hit frame) Not visible when viewing the movie Exist simply to define the active area of the button (i.e., the area that can be clicked) By default, buttons only have the up state activated when they are created You may activate other states by adding keyframes to the other three frames 5 Adding Keyframes Keyframes a. Points of change in a Flash movie b. Appear in the timeline as gray with a black dot c. By adding keyframes to a button symbol’s timeline, you can control how the button reacts to user input Rollover d. Added by inserting a keyframe in the button’s Over frame, then changing the button’s appearance in that frame Fig. 18 | Inserting a keyframe. Changing the button color in the over state does not affect the button color in the up state. 6 Adding Sound to a Button Flash imports sounds in the WAV (Windows), AIFF (Macintosh) or MP3 formats Sounds can be imported into the Library by choosing Import to Library from the Import submenu of the File menu. You can add sound to a movie by placing the sound clip in a keyframe or over a series of frames. If a frame has a blue wave or line through it, a sound effect has been added to it. Fig. 19 | Adding sound to a button Fig. 20 | Optimizing sound with the Sound Properties dialog. 7 Verifying Changes with Test Movie Movies can be viewed in their published state with the Flash Player. The published state of a movie is how it would appear if viewed over the web or with the Flash Player Published Flash movies have the Shockwave Flash extension (.swf). SWF files can be viewed but not edited. Fig. 21 | GO button in its up and over states. 8 Adding Layers to a Movie A movie can be composed of many layers a. Each has its own attributes and effects Layers b. Organize different movie elements so that they can be animated and edited separately c. Make the composition of complex movies easier d. Graphics in higher layers appear over the graphics in lower layers Fig. 22 | Renaming a layer. Fig. 23 | Setting text alignment with the Properties window Text Can be broken apart or regrouped for color editing, shape modification or animation Once text has been broken apart, it may not be edited with the text tool 9 Animating Text with Tweening Animations in Flash are created by inserting keyframes into the timeline Tweening (morphing) a. An automated process in which Flash creates the intermediate steps of the animation between two keyframes Shape tweening b. Morphs an ungrouped object from one shape to another Motion tweening c. Moves symbols or grouped objects around the stage d. Keyframes must be designated in the timeline before adding the motion tween Fig. 25 | Adding a keyframe to create an animation. Fig. 26 | Creating a motion tween. Adding the stop function to the last frame in a movie stops the movie from looping Fig. 27 | Adding ActionScript to a frame with the Actions panel. The small letter a in a frame indicates that it contains an action. 10 Adding a Text Field Static Text Creates text that does not change Dynamic Text Creates can be changed or determined by outside variables through ActionScript Input Text Creates a text field into which the viewers of the movie can input their own text Fig. 28 | Creating a text field. Fig. 29 | Creating a dynamic text field with the Properties window. 11 Adding ActionScript goButton.addEventListener( MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, goFunction ); addEventListener function helps make an object respond to an event by registering a function to call when the event takes place MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN specifies that an action is performed when the user clicks the button. var randomNumber : int = Math.floor( ( Math.random() * 5 ) ); Math.random returns a random floating-point number from 0.0 up to, but not including, 1.0. Publishing Your Flash Movie Flash movies must be published for users to view them outside Flash CS3 and the Flash Player Flash movies may be published in a different Flash version to support older Flash Players Flash can automatically generate an XHMTL document that embeds your Flash movie Fig. 30 | Published Flash files. Importing and Manipulating Bitmaps Once an imported image is broken apart, it may be shape tweened or edited with editing tools such as the lasso, paint bucket, eraser and paintbrush The editing tools are found in the toolbox and apply changes to a shape Clicking and dragging to draw with the lasso tool selects areas of shapes The color of a selected area may be changed or the selected area may be moved Once an area is selected, its color may be changed by selecting a new fill color with the fill swatch or by clicking the selection with the paint bucket tool The eraser tool removes shape areas when you click and drag the  tool across an area You can change the eraser size using the tool options. Creating an Advertisement Banner with Masking Masking hides portions of layers A masking layer hides objects in the layers beneath it, revealing only the areas that can be seen through the shape of the mask Items drawn on a masking layer define the mask’s shape and cannot be seen in the final movie Fig. 31 | Resizing an image with the Free transform tool. Free transform tool Allows you to resize an image When an object is selected with this tool, anchors appear around its corners and sides Breaking text apart once converts each letter into its own text field Breaking text apart again converts the letters into shapes that cannot be edited with the text tool, but can be manipulated as regular graphics Fig. 32 | Creating the oval graphic Adding a mask to a layer masks only the items in the layer directly below it Fig. 33 | Creating a mask layer. Fig. 34 | Completed banner. Adding Online Help to Forms Use the selection tool to align objects with their corresponding captions. For more precise alignment, select the desired object with the selection tool and press the arrow key on the keyboard in the direction you want to move the object Fig. 35 | Adjusting the line spacing with the Format Options dialog. Fig. 36 | Creating a rectangle with rounded corners. Fig. 37 | Creating multiple instances of a symbol with the Library panel. An input text field is a text field into which the user can type text Fig. 38 | Input and password text-field creation. Fig. 39 | Adding Frame Labels using the Properties window. gotoAndStop(â€Å"name†); causes the movie to skip to the frame labeled â€Å"name† and stop playing Each movie clip should be created as a new symbol so that it can be edited without affecting the scene Fig. 40 | Centering an image on the stage with the Properties window. Fig. 41 | Creating a shape tween Symbols may be embedded in one another; however, they cannot be placed within themselves. Fig. 42 | Adding the field symbol to the nameWindow movie clip. Fig. 43 | Creating an animation with the form field symbol. The Transform panel can be used to change an object’s size The Constrain checkbox causes the scale factor to be equal in the height and width fields The scale factor measures the change in proportion Fig. 44 | Duplicating movie-clip symbols with the Library panel. Changing a symbol’s function or appearance in its editing stage updates the symbol in the scene Fig. 45 | Creating a frame-by-frame animation. Fig. 46 | Bug2Bug.com help form. Creating a Website Splash Screen Many organizations use Flash to create website splash screens (i.e., introductions), product demos and web applications Flash animations are ideal for amusing visitors while conveying information as the rest of a page downloads â€Å"behind the scenes† A preloader is a simple animation that plays while the rest of the web page is loading Fig. 47 | Creating a rotating object with the motion tween Rotate option. Fig. 48 | Inserted movie clips. Fig. 16.49 | Changing gradient colors with the Color panel. Alpha A value between 0 and 100% that corresponds to a color’s transparency or opacity An alpha value of 0% appears transparent, whereas a value of 100% appears completely opaque The rate of progression in a gradient can be changed by sliding the color boxes Any color box may be removed from a gradient by clicking and dragging it off the gradient range Fig. 50 | Adding an intermediate color to a gradient. Ease Controls the rate of change during tween animation Negative values cause the animated change to be gradual at the beginning and become increasingly drastic Positive values cause the animation to change quickly in the first frames and less drastically as the animation progresses When a button is created from a shape, the button’s hit area is, by default, the area of the shape It is important to change the hit state of a button created from text so that it includes the spaces between the letters; otherwise, the link will work only when the user hovers over a letter’s area Fig. 51 | Defining the hit area of a button. var url : URLRequest = new URLRequest( â€Å"http://www.deitel.com† ); Creates a new URLRequest object named url navigateToURL( url, â€Å"_blank† ); navigateToURL takes the URL contained in the URLRequest object and opens it in the frame specified by the second argument â€Å"_blank† signifies that a new browser window should open when the user presses the button. Flash movies load frame by frame Frames containing complex images take longer to load Flash will continue playing the current frame until the next frame has loaded Fig. 52 | Creating an animation to preload images.